Leaves are flattened lateral outgrowths of the stem which are generally green m colour and form the foliage of a plant. A typical leaf of two main parts: an expanded blade or lamina, and a stalk called the petiole, by which the leaf is attached to the stem. In...
A normal and typical dorsiventral leaf possesses the following anatomical structure
Upper Epidermis
The internal tissues of the leaf are covered on the upper surface by the upper epidermis. This consists of a single layer of cells with a thick cuticle and usually contains no chloroplasts except in some aquatic plants....
In pharmacognosy, the term flower drugs is used in a collective sense for commercial purposes and the sample includes· not only the flowers but also a number of inflorescences. In some cases, the sample may not contain a whole flower or inflorescence but only a part of the flower....
Synonyms
Caryophyllum, Caryophyllus, Caryophylli
Botanical Source of Clove Flower
Clove is the dried flower buds of Eugenia caryophyllus (Spring.) Spraque, and evergreen tree of the family Myrtaceae.
Geographical source
Eugenia caryophyllus is indigenous to Molucca islands and is now commercially cultivated in Zanzibar and Pamba (Tanzania) Islands and also in many other Island countries of...
Fruits
With the fertilized ovules transforming into seeds the ovary undergoes simultaneous appropriate changes and modifications in its structure to give am pie protection to the developing seeds. This secondarily developed and modified ovary enclosing the seeds is called the fruit.
The covering of the mature fruit representing the ovary wall...
Fennel Fruit
Synonyms: Fennel Fruit, Foeniculum, Foeniculi Fructus
Botanical Source: Fennel consists of the dried ripe fruits of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. var. vulgare, a cultivated herb of the family Umbelliferae.
Commercial Varieties
There are a number of commercial varieties of Fennel, which include the following:
Saxon: It is the most esteemed variety, which yields about 4.0 percent...
Synonyms: Chamomile Flowers, Roman Chamomile, Anthemidis Flores.
Botanical source: Chamomile consists of the dried, expanded double flower heads of Anthemis nobilis Linn collected from cultivated plants. The plant is a procumbent perennial herb of the family Compositae.
Geographical source: Chamomile is cultivated in England, Belgium, France, and Germany.
Fig. 34: Chamomile. A, l.s. of flower head; B, involucral...
Synonyms: Anise Fruit, Anisum, Anisi Fructus
Botanical Source
Aniseed consists of the dried, ripe fruits of Pimpinella anisum Linn., an annual plant of the family Umbelliferae.
Geographical Source of Aniseed
The plant is indigenous to Greece, Turkey, and Egypt, but widely cultivated in both Europe (Spain, Bulgaria, Germany, Italy and Russia and America (Mexico, Chile).
Macroscopical...
Synonyms
Tamarindus, Tamarind Pulp, Fructus Tamarindi
Botanical Source of Tamarind
Tamarind consists of the ripe fruits of the ripe fruits of Tamarindus indica Linn., freed from the brittle outer part of pericarp and preserved with sugar. The plant is a tree of the pericarp and preserved with sugar. The plant is a tree...